There are not many plants that are as commonly associated with Mediterranean and warm climate gardens as Bougainvillea. The site of a whitewashed wall draped in the vine's purple or red flowers bracts * is often unforgettable. It is highly suited to a hot, dry climate, not only because of its spectacular colors, but also because once established, it can be grown with very little irrigation, being generally able to survive and indeed thrive on the winter rains alone. Ironically, Bougainvillea does not grow wild in Mediterranean countries, but originates from tropical and sub-tropical South America.
Despite its many fine attributes, Bougainvillea is often unsuited to small gardens. It can sometimes turn out to be a pest. Let's understand then, the uses to which it can be put, and the circumstances in which its planting can be appropriate or inappropriate. Bougainvillea is a rampantly growing, vine-like, thorny shrub. It suffers where winter temperatures drop below -3 or -4c, and thrives best in frost-free places. It should be grown in full sun. In small spaces, it is best grown on a wall or a fence. It is not self- clinging and needs to be trained and tied to a supporting structure such as a trellis. If planted in the ground, it requires ample space to sprawl. Its rampant, sprawling, growth habit means it usually ends up being an untidy mess in small gardens. That's why it is a poor choice as landscaping bush in such cases, but can be excellent as a large scale ground cover. One of the worst mistakes, one that is unfortunately quite common, is to plant a Bougainvillea shrub close to a path or entrance. As its thorns are amongst the most vicious in the plant kingdom, it can actually be very dangerous, although this characteristic makes it suitable as an impenetrable barrier, where such a requirement is relevant.
To get the best results, take care while planting to keep the root ball intact, as Bougainvillea's roots are relatively sensitive to disturbance. For this reason, it is very difficult to successfully transplant a specimen. As mentioned, established plants can get through a long, hot summer with modest irrigation. In fact, the more frequently watered, the fewer flowers will be produced. It is best therefore, particularly in heavy, clay soils, to water deeply but infrequently. Similarly, the application of chemical fertilizer encourages vegetative growth, at the expense of greater flower production. An annual feeding with compost or commercial humus should suffice.
In all circumstances, growing Bougainvillea is a labor intensive thing. For those with little time to maintain their garden, and who wish their outdoor space to be clean and neat, it would probably be advisable not planting it at all. However, used and grown correctly, the various varieties of Bougainvillea can add that touch to your garden that will make it special and satisfying.
*NOTE: What are commonly thought of as the Bougainvillea's flowers, are in fact specialized leaves known as bracts, which enclose the real flowers.
My name is Jonathan Ya'akobi.
I've been gardening in a professional capacity since 1984.
I am the former head gardener of the Jerusalem Botanical Garden, but now concentrate on building gardens for private home owners.
I also teach horticulture to students on training courses.
I'd love to share my knowledge and experience with you.
So you're welcome to visit me on http://www.dryclimategardening.com
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