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Many organizations are "projectizing" and developing a strong and effective project management infrastructure. There are challenges along the way, and a number of approaches. However, regardless of the approach, changing the culture to be aligned to formal project management will involve aligning people, one by one, by empowering them with formalized project management knowledge. To accomplish this, organizations can do well to develop a granular approach to empowering their people through this projectization process.
Background Projectization is a relatively recent phenomenon and is spreading rapidly. It is nearly synonymous with the idea, years ago, of electrification, where incorporating electricity into the physical infrastructure was taking place. With electrification, assets needed to be changed, thinking needed to be adapted, and people needed to be organized and train as part of a new infrastructure. While projectization is not so physical, it is part of the organizational infrastructure and demands the same amount of adaptation of thinking, organization, planning, and alignment, mostly of people.
Inputs Organizational culture is one of the first inputs to this longer term process of implementing change to a projectized organization. Organization size is a key consideration. Another is sophistication level within the industry, especially on the part of suppliers and customers. Another key input is the operational structure of the organization: matrix versus hierarchical, process versus project orientation, and more. Another important input is the current skill level from top to bottom within the organization.
Outputs Outputs of a projectization initiative will include greater alignment of projects with strategy and organizational goals, more purposeful implementation of projects, and more alignment of people. Another benefit may be increased ability to rotate people among various roles, producing cross pollination that helps bridge communication gaps. Other 'fallout' benefits are alignment of people around a common vocabulary and common set of concepts, more purposeful communications, and more aligned reporting.
Approach A 'layered' approach is a good start at thinking about how to inject projectization into the organizational culture. What I mean by 'layered' is that the organization can be segmented logically into groups that will require certain predetermined levels of knowledge and competency in project management in order to achieve projectization.
In an organizational breakdown, a first step would be to map a new project structure to the current organization structure. In all likelihood, it will need to accommodate portfolio level management of projects and programs, as well as management of the actual programs and projects. Where these might fall within the organizational structure will be somewhat unique in each case, but will provide an early picture that indicates some needs.
Next, it is important to identify the roles that all stakeholders will play within this envisioned project infrastructure. What roles, many of them new, will need to be supported, and what knowledge and competencies will be required. For each competency, there will need to be a strategy, and the overall strategy will represent an integrated approach across competencies. Examples of relevant competencies will include Progam Management, Project Portfolio Management, and Project Management. One strategy is to set up levels of competency within each of these roles, and these could include criteria related to experience as well as certification. Depending upon the organization, more specialty roles can be defined around other competencies such as construction management, IT project management, Business Analysis, Information Technology Infrastructure Library (ITIL), PRINCE2, and a myriad of other areas that might apply in an organization.
The key is to implement interaction and training for the various constituencies, and to make sure that training is aligned as a whole with organizational goals, and with the goal of feeding a projectized organization. Supplemental efforts can include training that helps smooth communication, collaborative sessions around achieving organizational goals, and unified awareness of stakeholder roles within the organization.
Measurement Measurement of success can be tricky, especially since this is not at the outset an easy thing to measure! My suggestion is to initially measure progress in training or any other metric that you can initially track. As the program unfolds, metrics will emerge for measuring organizational progress. Some examples off the top of my head include: meeting metrics, project success metrics, cultural alignment metrics, project completion metrics, and project portfolio effectiveness metrics. Because clarity will come over time, it is a good practice to acknowledge that and keep the measurement fluid and let it unfold over time.
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John Reiling, PMP is a project manager, business manager, consultant, and author. His web site Project Management Training Online provides online training in Project Portfolio Management, Program Management, PMP Certification Prep, and many related areas. John's blog is PMcrunch.com.
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