Batteries ultimately come in two categories: non-rechargeable and rechargeable. Also known as primary and secondary batteries, each type offers its own set of advantages and drawbacks.
Primary (non-rechargeable) batteries are often used to power small, portable devices. Such devices include radios, toys, and flashlights, to name a few. Convenience is a major selling point of these batteries. They require no preparation, being ready to use upon purchase. In addition to that, primary batteries are generally quite cheap, and offer a high energy density.
That said, primary batteries also suffer from some shortcomings. The most severe problem is the waste caused by primary batteries. Because the average household goes through so many, it is easy for waste to accumulate. When disposed through normal means, some primary batteries (like button batteries) can pollute the environment with corrosive materials and heavy metals. As such, these types of primary batteries can only be disposed of through particular means, which may vary according to the consumer's residence. Batteries can sometimes be recycled, but this is not always an available option.
Secondary batteries, also known as rechargeable batteries, provide an alternate option. These batteries are typically used for electronic items that require more power. Phones and power tools are all examples of products that rely on secondary batteries. The increasingly ubiquitous laptop battery is another example of this. As their name suggests, these batteries can be reused. This makes up for the extra cost, and reduces the wastage associated with primary batteries.
Secondary batteries also suffer from some drawbacks. One of these is preparation: they often need to be charged before their initial use. Lack of versatility is another problem. A primary battery can be used in many different products, while a secondary battery is often made for a very specific product. Disposal of rechargeable batteries is also problematic. Most secondary batteries are classified as hazardous wastes. The good news is that secondary batteries last much longer than primary batteries.
Many different components go into the manufacture of batteries. These materials aren't necessarily exclusive to one type of battery. For instance, alkaline batteries are usually associated with primary batteries, but are sometimes used for secondary batteries. The materials can have a major impact on the use and benefits of a battery.
Ultimately, both primary and secondary batteries fulfill necessary roles. Because of this, battery outlets usually carry both varieties. Many people now choose to buy from online battery retailers, which offer a wide variety at a low price.
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Rechargeable and non-rechargeable batteries are designed for different purposes. The rechargeable variety is most often used with the more power-hungry devices. A laptop battery is one example of this. Non-rechargeable batteries typically go with smaller devices.
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